* reminder: HOW to evaluate arguments using propositional logic * identify the *simple* statements (within the premise(s) and conclusion) that can sensibly be labeled as TRUE and FALSE * Label these simple statements with letters (P, Q, R, ...) * Rewrite the premise(s) and conclusions as statements in propositional logic notation * use a truth table to evaluate all the possible outcomes for the premise(s) and conclusion * cross out ALL lines in the truth table where ANY of the premise(s) is/are false * look at the remaing lines -- is the conclusion false in ANY of the remaining lines? if it IS, this argument is INVALID (all-true-premises do NOT guarantee a TRUE conclusion!) ****** * ADDING IN another logical operation: IF-THEN (also called: conditional, implies) P -> Q * read: if P, then Q read: P implies Q P Q P->Q -------------- T T T T F F F T T F F T